Wednesday 12 September 2012

types of PHLEGM~




COUGHING (PHLEGM) *SPUTUM
Infection ------ inflammation ------- accumulation of MUCUS

CLEAR PHLEGM
(absence of PUS)
Caused by : 
1. COMMON COLD by a general viral infection that can lead to allergic irritation of the respiratory organ 
2. POST NASAL DRIP
  1. GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
  2. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
  3. SMOKING
GREEN PHLEGM
 Due to bacterial infection in the lungs or the bronchi
post nasal drip due to a sinus infection
cured by : avoiding dairy products, starchy foods and excessive meat intake. Drinking plenty of pure water and herbal teas, eating spicy foods and taking hot bath.

YELLOW PHLEGM
INFECTIONS, ALLERGIES OR ASTHMA (BACTERIAL OR VIRAL INFECTION)
inflammation of respiratory tract and lead to an accumulation of inflammatory cells or leukocytes in mucus


PINK PHLEGM
ASTHMATIC


BLOOD WITH PHLEGM

EXCESSIVE SMOKING
HIGH AIR POLLUTION
SEVERE LUNG INFECTION.

Wednesday 29 August 2012

CASE 1

There's a real case about CECAL NECROSIS.



This happen to my own aunt. My aunt admit to the HOSPITAL a day before AIDILFITRI~

The symptoms that bring her to hospital are :
  •  SHORTNESS OF BREATH (SOB)
  •  FEBRILE (FEVER)
  •  PUFFINESS
  •  PALE LOOKING
When admitted to hospital, the DOCTOR said that her : 
CREATININE high ~ 229 g mol-1

AND she has.........................................
 PNEUMONIA
CARDIOMEGALY 
LOW BLOOD PRESSURE about (83/54)

During treatment, DOCTOR give on NOREADRENALINE & GELOFUSIN to increase the BLOOD PRESSURE & ANTIBIOTICS to treat the PNEUMONIA (AMOXICILLIN if I not mistaken)

THEN....
  
 after 3 days stayed in hospital she was suspected from ACUTE APPENDICITIS
(TENDERNESS & ABDOMINAL ENLARGED) was seen
Tenderness : pain @ discomfort when an affected area is touched

        LAPAROSCOPY was done & there is no APPENDICITIS but actually her CAECUM was GANGRENE. 

ANATOMY OF LARGE INTESTINE

What are the doctors ACTION??

THEY DID  * RIGHT HEMICOLECTOMY WITH ANASTOMOSIS
(BY  : middle abdominal incision TO allow exploration of all of the intra-abdominal organs and intestine)


.....................................................................

NECROTIC CECAL presents with RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT PAIN, and therefore may resemble ACUTE APPENDICITIS

among the causes of CECAL NECROSIS are  
 ...VOLVULUS...
*Twisting of bowel loop around the mesentery. Usually occurs in the SIGMOID COLON, but also in the CECAL COLON.
CECAL VOLVULUS
   
...INTUSSUSCEPTION...
 *One segment of bowel TELESCOPES into another at the ILEOCECAL JUNCTION.

SMALL INTESTINE INTUSSUSCEPTION

...and many more...

 Resources .. from LANGE SMART CHARTS
 by ROBERT GROYSMAN

 to be continued~
berkhidmat untuk negara

Monday 13 August 2012